河北單招考試二類、考試四類、考試六類、考試十類的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)科目均是英語，滿分100分。考試九類職業(yè)適應(yīng)性測試中亦有英語素養(yǎng)的考察。而語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一項重點和難點，其中，時態(tài)無疑是英語最重要的語法內(nèi)容，學(xué)好時態(tài)相當(dāng)于拿下了語法的半壁江山?，F(xiàn)在主要幫大家總結(jié)了八種時態(tài)，是河北單招英語科目中常考的內(nèi)容，同學(xué)們在單招備考復(fù)習(xí)時，一定要學(xué)透哦!

1.一般現(xiàn)在時

表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。

(1)含有be動詞的句子

★一般肯定句

He is a teacher.

The girl is very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are students.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Is he a teacher?

Is the girl very beautiful?

Are Tim and Jack students?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

He is not a teacher.

The girl is not very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are not students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

(2)不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子

A、第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞

★一般肯定句

He likes books.

She likes him.

The dog likes bones.

★變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Does he like books?

Does she like him?

Does the dog like bones?

★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn’t, 動詞變?yōu)樵?原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。

He doesn’t like books.

She doesn’t like him.

The dog doesn’t like bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t

Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。

B、其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞

★一般肯定句

I want to have a bath.

We have some meat.

The students like smart teachers.

★變疑問句在句首加do

Do you want to have a bath?

Do we have any meat?

Do the students like smart teachers?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don’t.

You don’t want to have a bath.

We don’t have any meat.

The students don’t like smart teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

2.一般過去時

一. 概念：一般過去時是表示在過去的時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。

二.時間狀語：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, long long ago, a minute ago, last year(week, month), once upon a time, just now, in those days.

三.過去時的用法：

1.有確定的過去時間狀語時要用過去式。

例：We had a good time last week.

2.表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時，要用過去式。

例：The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed.

3. 表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動作，要用過去式。

例：She often came to help me at that time.

表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過去時。 eg: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別，used to表過去常常，be used to 表示習(xí)慣于，前者to是不定式符號，后者則是介詞，后接名詞、動名詞、代詞)

四.一般過去式的構(gòu)成形式：

Be動詞的過去式

肯定句：主語+動詞的過去式

例：He played football last week.

否定句：主語+ did not +動詞原形

例：He did not play football last week.

一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形

例：Did he play football last week?

Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.

五.動詞變過去式的幾種常用規(guī)則：

1.一般動詞直接+ ed;

例：look--looked want--wanted listen --listened

2.以e結(jié)尾的詞直接+ d;

例：live--lived phone--phoned

3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾, 變y為i加ed;

例：try--tried study--studied

4.重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫詞尾輔音字母+ ed;

例：stop--stopped plan--planned

3.一般將來時

表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形

★一般肯定句

I will go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

Will you go to America tomorrow?

Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?

Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

I will not go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I will. No, I will not.

Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.

Yes, he will. No, he will not.

★特殊疑問句：

What will you do?

一、shall/will+動詞原形

1. will可用于所有人稱，但shall 僅表示單純將來時，用于第一人稱I和we，作為will的一種替代形式。以You and I為主語時通常避免用shall. 例如：

??He will be back soon. 他很快就會回來。

??I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。

??You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我將在同一工廠工作。

2. will，shall可用來預(yù)言將來發(fā)生的事。如說出我們設(shè)想會發(fā)生的事，或者請對方預(yù)言將要發(fā)生什么事。例如：

??It will rain tomorrow. 明天將要下雨。

3. will，shall除可表示單純的將來時以外，還可以帶有意愿的色彩，仍指的是將來。例如：

??I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你過生日時，我給你買一輛自行車。(表示允諾)

??Will you open the door for me please?請你幫我開門好嗎?(表示請求)

??Shall I get your coat for you?

我可以為你拿外套嗎?(表示提議)

二、be going to+動詞原形

1. 表示說話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象，判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。這類句子的主語可以是人，也可是物。例如：

??There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我們學(xué)校將有一場足球賽。(已有告示)

??I feel terrible.I think I'm going to die. 我感到難受極了，我想我快不行了。

??Look at those black clouds!It's going to rain. 看看那些烏云!天快要下雨了。

2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的意圖或現(xiàn)已作出的決定，即打算在最近或?qū)磉M(jìn)行某事。這種意圖或決定往往是事先經(jīng)過考慮的。例如：

??He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不準(zhǔn)備去看他哥哥。

??Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 瑪麗決定長大了當(dāng)一名教師。

3. 只是單純地預(yù)測未來的事，此時可與will互換。例如：

??I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我認(rèn)為今晚要下雨。

??注意：

??(1)be going to和will在含義和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算;will多表示意愿、決心。兩者有時不能互換。例如：

??He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加考試。(不能用will替換)

??—Can somebody help me? ——誰能幫我一下嗎?

??—I will. ——我來。(不能用be going to替換)

??(2)在if之后，通常不用will表示預(yù)言，但可以用be going to表示意圖。例如：

??If you are going to go to the cinema this evening，you'd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看電影，最好帶著外套。

??be going to也常可以用于主句之中。例如：

??If you invite Jack，there's going to be trouble. 如果你邀請杰克，那就要惹麻煩了。

??如果表示將來的意愿，will可用于條件從句。此時will為情態(tài)動詞。例如：

??If you will learn to play football，I'll help you. 如果你想學(xué)踢足球，我可以幫你。

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，由“be動詞 + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句:

句型

(1)第一人稱：主語 + am + 現(xiàn)在分詞

I am watching TV. 我現(xiàn)在看電視。

(2)第三人稱單數(shù)：主語 + is + 現(xiàn)在分詞

She is washing clothes. 她正在洗衣服。

(3)第二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)人稱：主語 + are + 現(xiàn)在分詞

They are playing games. 他們正在做游戲。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句

句型: 主語 + 相應(yīng)be動詞 + not + 現(xiàn)在分詞

He isn't watching TV. 他沒在看電視。

I am not cooking. 我沒有在做飯。

We aren't having English calss. 我們沒在上英語課。

◆注意◆ is not和are not可縮寫為isn't和aren't。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句

句型: 相應(yīng)be動詞 + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + ……?

Are you dancing? 他們正在跳舞嗎?

Is he drawing a picture? 他正在畫一張畫嗎?

Are you talking with your friend? 你正和你的朋友談話嗎?

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行一般疑問句的答語:

句型:

(1)肯定回答：Yes, 主語 + 相應(yīng)be動詞。

(2)否定回答：No, 主語 + 相應(yīng)be動詞 + not。

Are you listening to the music? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 你正在聽音樂嗎?是的，我正在聽。/ 不，我沒在聽。

要特別注意有些動詞沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài).

1、表示狀態(tài)、思想、感情和感覺的動詞，如：see, hear, love, know, want, hope, think等，沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)。

2、當(dāng)have/has作為“擁有”時，沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，但表示“開會，吃飯，玩得高興”等意思時，可以用進(jìn)行時表達(dá)。

I am having many books. (這是錯誤的句子)

I am having a good time. (這才是正確的句子)

現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：

現(xiàn)在分詞是由動詞+ing構(gòu)成的，其方法如下：

(1)一般情況下直接加ing. 如：reading, watching, cleaning.

(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e再加ing. 如： take---taking, make---making

(3)重讀閉音節(jié)的情況，先雙寫一個輔音字母然后加ing. 如：put---putting.

5.過去進(jìn)行時

過去進(jìn)行時：表示在過去的某一時刻或某一時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作。這一特定的過去時間，除有上下文提示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動詞ing 形式。

1.肯定句：主語+was/were+動詞+ing .

She was repairing his bike at 10:00 yesterday morning.

2.否定句：主語+ wasn’t/weren’t +動詞+ing .

They weren’t listening to the music when I went into the room.

3.一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+動詞+ing ?

Were they knocking at the door at this moment yesterday?

4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+主語+動詞+ing?

What was he doing when the teacher came in?

3)當(dāng)有這些時間狀語時，常用過去進(jìn)行時。如：標(biāo)志詞：

(at) this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday, when I saw him, while I was watching TV, from seven to nine, (at) this time yesterday.

What were you doing this time yesterday?

He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.

表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。

結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.

6.將來進(jìn)行時

將來進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：

1)will +be+doing

2)will+not+be+doing

3)Will+sb+be+doing

1. We will be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa.

2. We will be traveling by camel, with local guides.

3. We will be walking every day for almost two weeks.

4. After that, we will be moving on to Tanzania.

5. He is busy reviewing the lessons, so he will not be attending the New Year’s party tonight.

6. Will you be working out at the gym at this time tomorrow?

將來進(jìn)行時用法之一：

表示在將來某一時刻或某一時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作

1. Will you be working out at the gym at this time tomorrow?

2. I must practice playing violin more because I will be putting on a performance in the assembly hall at 7 o’clock tonight.

3. We’ll be walking every day for almost two weeks.

4. Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week.

將來進(jìn)行時用法之二：

表示根據(jù)計劃或安排在將來某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。此時一般是有具體的時間狀語

1. We’ll be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa on Friday evening.

2. China will be holding the Olympic Games on 8th August 2008.

3. You will be attending the College Entrance Examination from July 7th to 10th in 2010.

4. According to the schedule, Toby will be travelling in the Sahara Desert on 30th June.

將來進(jìn)行時用法之三：

表示將來某一時刻自然發(fā)生的事，而不是人為安排要做的事。

1. I guess it will be raining heavily when you arrive in Beijing.

2. The weather report says that a terrible typhoon will be striking Fujian province in two days.

3. The weather man says that it will be snowing when you return from work at six o’clock.

4. The advanced science and technology will be helping us explore the outer space.

將來進(jìn)行時用法之四：

表示有禮貌地詢問對方的打算，語氣比較委婉。

1. When will we be meeting again?

2. When will you be taking adventure to Africa, Toby?

3. Will you be moving on to Tanzania?

4. Will you be traveling on camels with local guides?

7.現(xiàn)在完成時

構(gòu)成：主語+助動詞have, has+過去分詞

A、用法：

(1)表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用

I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)

He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)

They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)

The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)

(2)詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：

Have you finished your homework?

Have you been to Beijing?

Have he seen the film?

(3)表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.

I have worked for this school for 1 year.

(4)表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情

I have never had a bath.

I have never seen a film.

I have never been to cinema.

I have ever been to Paris.

Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了

I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)

He has gone to London.(人還在那里)

(5)表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用

I have lost my pen.

I have hurt myself.

He has become a teacher.

She has broken my heart.

B、句型變化：

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.

e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I have. No, I have not.

★特殊疑問句：

What have you done?

What has he done?

一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：

凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時

注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用

錯：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.

現(xiàn)在完成時具體用法：現(xiàn)在完成時既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。

用法一：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與just(剛剛)，already(已經(jīng))，never(從來沒有)，ever(曾經(jīng))，before(以前)，yet(仍然)，once(一次)，twice(兩次)，many times(很多次)，how many times(多少次)，so far(迄今為止)，during the past(last)three years(最近三年來)等連用。

※ 副詞的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后。He has just come.

②never表示否定，放在have/has后。He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑問句中，句型為：Have/Has+主語+ever +過去分詞?“…曾經(jīng)……過嗎?”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Have you ever been to the farm?

④before用于句末。The woman has never heard of that before.

⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后。Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末。We have already finished it.

⑦so far用于句首或句末。So far, we have visited the moon.

用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：

①for+表示一段時間的詞語I have taught English for 19 years。

②since+表示過去時間點的詞語He has been at this school since 1986.

③since+表示過去的時間狀語從句I have lived here since I was born.

④since+一段時間+ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

用法三、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中可以和表示一段時間狀語(for，since，how long, all one’s life)連用的動詞必須是表示延續(xù)的情況或動作的動詞，即延續(xù)性動詞。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

用法四、延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可和包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的(到說話時仍未結(jié)束)表示一段時間的狀語連用。如this morning，today，this week，these days

He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.(說話時間在上午)He wrote two letters this morning.(說話時間在下午或晚上)

用法五、英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續(xù)，只是一瞬間

就結(jié)束的動作，這類動詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動詞”，常見的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。這些動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語(how long，for，since)連用。He has come back.(√)He has come back for two hours.(×)

※ 但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾，如

I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.

用法六、當(dāng)終止性動詞(非延續(xù)性動詞)與表示一段時間的狀語(how long，since，for， all one’s life)相矛盾時，改正錯句的方法有如下幾種：

(1)用副詞ago把現(xiàn)在完成時的句子改為一般過去時。

He has come back for two weeks.(錯)改為：He came back two weeks ago.(正)

I have lost my bike for ten days. (錯)改為：I lost my bike ten days ago. (正)

(2)用“It is / has been+時間+since+一般過去時態(tài)”句型來改寫。

He has joined the League for 3 years. (錯)It is 3 years since he joined the League.

I have bought the book for 5 days. (錯)It is 5 days since I bought the book. (正)

He has died for 20 years. (錯)It is 20 years since he died. (正)

(3)用“時間+has passed+since+一般過去時態(tài)”句型來改寫。

He has left home for 20 years. 改為：Twenty years has passed since he left home.

He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改為：Two days has passed since he lost his pen.

(4)用系表結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫.

He has died for 20 years. 改為：He has been dead for 20 years.

The factory has opened since 1999. 改為：The factory has been open since 1999.

How long has he left? 改為：How long has he been away?

(5)用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替代非延續(xù)性動詞。

He has bought the book for two weeks. 改為：He has had the book for two weeks.

8.過去完成時：

用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。

結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞

★一般肯定句

After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.

They had sold the car before I asked the price.

The train had left before I arrived at the station.

After/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

Had she finished her homework?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

She hadn’t finished her homework.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.

★特殊疑問句：

What had she done?

過去完成時(past perfect)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。

過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前做了，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。(延續(xù)性)

它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。

??基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞(done)

??①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他

??②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他

??③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他

??肯定回答：Yes,主語+had

??否定回答：No,主語+hadn't

??④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)

基本用法：

??(1)表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即“過去的過去”?？梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。

??例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

??到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。

??(2)表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。

??例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

??當(dāng)車來的時候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。

??He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

??他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。

??(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過去完成時。

??例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

??史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

??I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

??我對動詞一無所知，因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。

??(4)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。

??例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.

??我已歸還了我借的書。

??She found the key that she had lost.

??她丟失的鑰匙找到了。

??(5)過去完成時常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。

??例如：He said that he had known her well.

??他說他很熟悉她。

??I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

??我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

??(6)狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。

??如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的

??例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

??我醒來時雨已停了。

??She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.

??她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。

??注意：如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因為這時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。

??例如：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

??馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。

??(7)動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。

??例如：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

??他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。

??We had hoped to be able to come and see you.

??我們本來希望能來看看你。

??(8)過去完成時還可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)

??time (that)…等固定句型中。

??例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

??他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。

??No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

??他剛到就又走了。

??It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

??這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。

??時間狀語

??before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than